According to the location from the prior Fx Hip Fx: probability multipliers provided prior hip, vertebral, or wrist Fx. Vertebral Fx: probability multipliers provided prior vertebral or wrist Fx Wrist Fx: probability multiplier given prior wrist Fx Excess mortality multipliers following Fx Other-cause mortality risk multipliers 1-5 years after hip Fx Other-cause mortality risk multipliers 1-2 years right after vertebral Fx Relative event dangers with drug therapy vs. no therapy Vertebral Fx with raloxifene therapy BC with raloxifene therapy in years 2-5 VTE with raloxifene therapy in year 1 Vertebral or non-vertebral Fx with risedronate therapy Annual fees estimated from neighborhood information in USD Medication to treat osteopenia Raloxifene together with calcium/vitamin D Risedronate along with calcium/vitamin D Calcium/vitamin D supplements only Non-fatal hip Fx (1st year) Fatal hip Fx (dying inside 1 year) Post-hip Fx (2nd year) Post-hip Fx (3rd and subsequent years) Vertebral fracture (1st year) Post-vertebral Fx (2nd year) Post-vertebral Fx (3rd and subsequent years) Other Fx (1st year) BC BC-related death VTE VTE-related death Other-cause death Health state utilities All costs are 2014 values.1599440-33-1 Chemical name 1 USD dollar is roughly equal to 1,100 Korean won. Fx, fracture; BC, breast cancer; VTE, venous thromboembolism; USD, Usa dollar. Value [References] Appendix 1 [3] Appendix 2 [18] 0.00108, 0.00099, 0.00086, 0.00063. 0.00044, 0.00030, 0.00022 [21] 0.0537 [22,23] 0.00065, 0.00087, 0.00118, 0.00164, 0.00255, 0.00366, 0.00412 [19] 0.05 [19] two.three, two.three, or 1.9 [20] four.4 or 1.7 [20] three.three [20] two.5, two.1, 1.8, 1.six, 1.four [19] 2.five, 1.three [19] 0.53 (95 CI 0.32-0.88) [10] 0.50 (95 CI 0.30-0.83) [24] 6.0 (95 CI 1.4-25.five) [25] 0.33 (95 CI 0.01-0.44) [4]390 380 141 11,909 8,878 960 382 or 141 five,365 905 382 or 141 two,839 4,934 17,963 1,711 six,111 6,330 Appendix 3 [19,23,27-29]dependent incidence prices of vertebral, hip, and also other fractures utilizing the KNHANES information (Appendix 1).[3] The increased threat of mortality connected with hip or vertebral fractures was incorporated into the model.Bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amine Price We calculated the probability of fatal hip fractures for each age according to the age- and gender-specific post-hip fracture mortality rate inside 1 year from the fracture occurring, which were obtained from a Korean population-based study (Appendix two).[18] For all those who experienced hip fractures, mortality danger multipliers of 2.5, 2.1, 1.eight, 1.six, and 1.four were applied towards the other-cause mortality at years 1-5 just after the hip fracture.[19] For those who skilled vertebral fractures, mortality risk multipliers have been applied for the other-cause mortality risks at years 1 (two.5) and 2 (1.3) only,[19] following consultation with nearby clinicians to avoid overestimating the mortality related with vertebral fractures.PMID:24516446 Preceding fractures enhance the risk of future fractures [13,20]; for that reason, we utilized post-fracture danger multipliers to calculate the enhanced prices of subsequent fractures as outlined by the areas of the earlier fractures.[20] The age-specific annual threat of BC was based on the 2010 Korean National Cancer Surveillance data.[21] The average anhttp://dx.doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2016.23.two.http://e-jbm.org/Cost-effectiveness of Drug Therapy in Osteopenianual probabilities of BC mortality have been estimated employing the average annual mortality rates over 5 years that adhere to a BC diagnosis,[22] and they were according to the BC stage at diagnosis and distributions on the stages at diagnosis amongst Korean BC patient.